Gregory Brew: The Middle East conflict threatens Iran’s regime survival, rising oil prices could provide economic leverage, and misjudgments about conflict duration reveal deeper geopolitical complexities | Odd Lots

Middle East conflict threatens energy infrastructure, with Iran poised to exploit rising oil prices amid geopolitical tensions.

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Add us on Google by Editorial Team Mar. 23, 2026

Key takeaways

• The conflict in the Middle East is severely impacting critical energy infrastructure.
• Iran may leverage rising oil prices to mitigate financial pressures from external conflicts.
• Recent attacks on energy infrastructure pose a threat to Iran’s regime survival.
• Initial beliefs that the conflict would be short were based on historical precedents.
• Assumptions about Iran’s restraint and US de-escalation were inaccurate.
• Trump’s reluctance to act decisively in the oil crisis may be due to concerns about appearing weak.
• The current conflict involves significant military resources and geopolitical stakes.
• The US administration aimed to replicate the Venezuelan experience in Iran by removing its supreme leader.
• The plan to shift political power in Iran failed due to key leaders being killed.
• Iran is likely to rebuild after the war, potentially emboldening them strategically.
• The Strait of Hormuz is a critical point of concern for global energy markets.
• Military actions have immediate consequences on energy infrastructure and market analysis.
• Understanding the geopolitical dynamics is crucial for analyzing Iran’s economic strategies.
• The conflict’s escalation highlights the critical link between military actions and energy security.
• The broader implications of Trump’s actions are crucial for understanding the geopolitical situation.

Guest intro

Gregory Brew is a senior analyst with Eurasia Group’s Energy, Climate & Resources team, focusing on the geopolitics of oil and gas and serving as the firm’s country analyst for Iran. He is the author of two books on the history of oil in Iran. Previously, he was a Kissinger Visiting Fellow at Yale University’s Jackson School for Global Affairs.

The impact of regional conflict on energy infrastructure

• The rapid escalation of conflict in the region is damaging critical energy infrastructure.

  — Gregory Brew

• Israel’s bombing of Iran’s infrastructure in the South Pars gas field highlights the conflict’s impact.
• The Strait of Hormuz remains a critical concern for energy markets despite potential openings.
• Damaged infrastructure raises questions about recovery time to full capacity.
• Geopolitical tensions directly impact energy markets and infrastructure stability.

• There’s just a lot that’s damaged which of course means that the strait of hormuz is only one aspect.

  — Gregory Brew

• Understanding these tensions is crucial for market analysis and future projections.
• Military actions have immediate and long-term consequences on energy infrastructure.

Iran’s strategic use of oil prices

• Iran’s strategy may involve leveraging oil prices to mitigate financial pressure from external conflicts.

  — Gregory Brew

• Rising oil prices could provide Iran with a fiscal windfall despite external pressures.
• Iran’s ability to export oil to countries like China plays a role in its economic strategy.
• Geopolitical dynamics between Iran and China are critical for understanding Iran’s strategy.
• Oil exports amidst regional conflicts offer Iran economic leverage.

• If oil prices are spiking and if iran can still get out some oil to a certain extent to places like china is that actually a fiscal windfall for them.

  — Gregory Brew

• This strategy highlights Iran’s navigation of economic challenges through oil exports.
• The geopolitical context is essential for analyzing Iran’s economic maneuvers.

Escalation and regime survival

• The recent attacks on energy infrastructure in the region have escalated to a level that threatens Iran’s regime survival.

  — Gregory Brew

• Israel’s attack on the South Pars gas field is seen as a threat to Iran’s survival.
• The gas field supplies 70% of Iran’s gas, making it a critical target.
• Military actions have heightened the threat level to Iran’s regime.
• Energy infrastructure is vital to Iran’s economy and regime stability.

• This war this attack was interpreted by iran as a threat to its survival.

  — Gregory Brew

• Understanding the significance of energy infrastructure is crucial for geopolitical analysis.
• The potential for escalation in regional conflicts is significant.

Misjudgment of conflict duration

• The initial belief that the conflict would be short was based on historical precedents and assumptions about US de-escalation.

  — Gregory Brew

• Historical context of US-Iran relations influenced initial conflict duration assumptions.
• Assumptions about Iran’s restraint and US de-escalation proved inaccurate.
• The conflict’s duration has exceeded initial expectations.

• I think both of those assumptions proved to be very inaccurate and now that we’re in the third week of the war I think it’s really settling in how bad this is.

  — Gregory Brew

• Misjudgment highlights the need for a deeper understanding of evolving conflict dynamics.
• The situation emphasizes the importance of reassessing initial assumptions.
• Understanding past experiences is crucial for analyzing current geopolitical events.

Trump’s decision-making in the oil crisis

• Trump’s reluctance to act decisively in the current oil crisis may stem from a desire to avoid appearing weak.

  — Gregory Brew

• Psychological analysis of Trump’s decision-making highlights concerns about appearing weak.
• The geopolitical implications of the oil crisis are significant for US policy.
• Trump’s historical focus on gas prices influences his decision-making.

• He is maybe more conscious of looking weak than taking the taco and taking the the short term win.

  — Gregory Brew

• Understanding Trump’s motivations is crucial for analyzing US actions in the crisis.
• The scale of the conflict involves significant military resources and geopolitical stakes.
• The seriousness of the situation is crucial for understanding broader implications.

US strategy and military objectives in Iran

• The US administration believed it could replicate the Venezuelan experience in Iran by removing its supreme leader.

  — Gregory Brew

• Strategic thinking of the US administration involved replicating the Venezuelan experience.
• Military objectives included removing Iran’s supreme leader, Ali Khamenei.

• There was a belief in the administration and perhaps a belief from the president himself that there was an opportunity in iran to replicate the experience in venezuela.

  — Gregory Brew

• The plan to shift political power in Iran failed due to key leaders being killed.
• Understanding the geopolitical context is crucial for analyzing US-Iran relations.
• Military actions had immediate consequences on US strategic goals.
• The historical reference to Venezuela provides insight into US strategy.

Iran’s potential recovery and strategic posture

• Iran is likely to rebuild after the war, which could embolden them strategically.

  — Gregory Brew

• Iran’s ability to rebuild could influence its future strategic behavior.
• Military conflict implications on Iran’s recovery are significant.

• If the war ends now iran will likely rebuild… they rebuilt most of that damage within six months.

  — Gregory Brew

• Iran’s strategy of targeting the Strait and GCC states may leave them feeling emboldened.
• Understanding the potential consequences of military actions is crucial for geopolitical analysis.
• Iran’s future behavior and regional strategy are influenced by its recovery.
• The implications of military conflict on Iran’s strategic posture are significant.

Disclosure: This article was edited by Editorial Team. For more information on how we create and review content, see our Editorial Policy.